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      SpringBoot Quartz
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            Quartz
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    <h2 id="什么是Quartz"><a href="#什么是Quartz" class="headerlink" title="什么是Quartz"></a>什么是Quartz</h2><p>Quartz是OpenSymphony开源组织在Job scheduling领域又一个开源项目，完全由Java开发，可以用来执行定时任务，类似于java.util.Timer。但是相较于Timer， Quartz增加了很多功能：</p>
<ul>
<li>持久性作业 - 就是保持调度定时的状态;</li>
<li>作业管理 - 对调度作业进行有效的管理;</li>
</ul>
<p>在实际项目开发中，随着业务的增大，需要操作Job的也就越多，肯定不能是人工操作，我们需要应该自动调度的任务框架去解决，功能的具体实现如下：</p>
<ol>
<li><p>首先我们需要定义实现一个定时功能的接口，我们可以称之为Task或者Job（Quartz中称之为Job），如定时发送邮件Job，优惠卷到期通知Job，实现如下：</p>
<img src="/2021/04/27/SpringBoot-Quartz/20180710135410275.png" alt="image-20180710135410275" style="zoom:50%;" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20300%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="/2021/04/27/SpringBoot-Quartz/20180710135410275.png" class="lozad post-image lozad post-image lozad post-image" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20300%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="/2021/04/27/SpringBoot-Quartz/20180710135410275.png" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20300%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="/2021/04/27/SpringBoot-Quartz/20180710135410275.png"></li>
<li><p>有了Job之后，我们需要一个能触发Job并执行的触发器（Trigger），Trigger最基本的功能是指定Job的执行时间，执行间隔，运行次数等。</p>
<img src="/2021/04/27/SpringBoot-Quartz/20180710135421739.png" alt="image-20180710135421739" style="zoom:50%;" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20300%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="/2021/04/27/SpringBoot-Quartz/20180710135421739.png" class="lozad post-image lozad post-image lozad post-image" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20300%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="/2021/04/27/SpringBoot-Quartz/20180710135421739.png" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20300%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="/2021/04/27/SpringBoot-Quartz/20180710135421739.png"></li>
<li><p>有了Job和Trigger后，需要一个Schedule，来指定Trigger去执行指定的Job。</p>
<img src="/2021/04/27/SpringBoot-Quartz/20180710135431806.png" alt="image-20180710135431806" style="zoom:50%;" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20300%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="/2021/04/27/SpringBoot-Quartz/20180710135431806.png" class="lozad post-image lozad post-image lozad post-image" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20300%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="/2021/04/27/SpringBoot-Quartz/20180710135431806.png" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20300%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="/2021/04/27/SpringBoot-Quartz/20180710135431806.png"></li>
</ol>
<p>上面三个部分就是Quartz的基本组成部分：</p>
<ul>
<li>调度器：Scheduler</li>
<li>任务：JobDetail</li>
<li>触发器：Trigger，包括SimpleTrigger和CronTrigger</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="Quartz在SpringBoot的应用"><a href="#Quartz在SpringBoot的应用" class="headerlink" title="Quartz在SpringBoot的应用"></a>Quartz在SpringBoot的应用</h2><ol>
<li><p>使用Maven添加依赖</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-xml" data-language="xml"><code class="language-xml"><span class="token comment">&lt;!-- SpringBoot 整合 Quartz 定时任务 --></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>dependency</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>org.springframework.boot<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>spring-boot-starter-quartz<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>version</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>2.3.5.RELEASE<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>version</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>dependency</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre></li>
<li><p>配置yml</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-yaml" data-language="yaml"><code class="language-yaml"><span class="token key atrule">spring</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
  <span class="token key atrule">quartz</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    <span class="token key atrule">scheduler-name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> communityScheduler//scheduler名称
    <span class="token key atrule">job-store-type</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> jdbc//持久化方法<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre></li>
<li><p>实现Job接口，实现定时任务逻辑</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">AlphaJob</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">Job</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
    <span class="token comment">//实现Job接口</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">execute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">JobExecutionContext</span> jobExecutionContext<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> <span class="token class-name">JobExecutionException</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
        <span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Thread</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">currentThread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">": execute a quartz job."</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre></li>
<li><p>配值定时任务，创建一个Config类，设置</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token comment">//配置-》数据库-》调用</span>
<span class="token comment">//Quartz 定时任务配置类</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Configuration</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">QuartzConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
    <span class="token comment">//FactoryBean可简化Bean的实例化过程：</span>
    <span class="token comment">//1.通过FactoryBean封装Bean的实例化过程</span>
    <span class="token comment">//2.将FactoryBean封装到Spring容器中</span>
    <span class="token comment">//3.将FactoryBean注入给其他的Bean</span>
    <span class="token comment">//4.该Bean得到的是FactoryBean所管理的对象实例</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 配置JobDetail</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Bean</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">JobDetailFactoryBean</span> <span class="token function">alphaJobDetail</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
        <span class="token class-name">JobDetailFactoryBean</span> factoryBean <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">JobDetailFactoryBean</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        factoryBean<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setJobClass</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">AlphaJob</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        factoryBean<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"alphaJob"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//设置名称</span>
        factoryBean<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setGroup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"alphaJobGroup"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//设置分组</span>
        factoryBean<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setDurability</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//是否持久(数据库中是否删除)</span>
        factoryBean<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setRequestsRecovery</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//是否可恢复</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> factoryBean<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 配置Trigger(SimpleTriggerFactoryBean(简单任务用，按指定的时间间隔执行多少次任务的情况),CronTriggerFactoryBean(复杂任务用，通过Cron表达式来控制任务的执行时间))</span>
    <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Bean</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token class-name">SimpleTriggerFactoryBean</span> <span class="token function">alphaTrigger</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">JobDetail</span> alphaJobDetail<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">&#123;</span>
        <span class="token class-name">SimpleTriggerFactoryBean</span> factoryBean <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">SimpleTriggerFactoryBean</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        factoryBean<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setJobDetail</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>alphaJobDetail<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//关联上述JobDetail</span>
        factoryBean<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"alphaTrigger"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//设置名称</span>
        factoryBean<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setGroup</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"alphaTriggerGroup"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//设置分组</span>
        factoryBean<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setRepeatInterval</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//设置执行的时间间隔</span>
        factoryBean<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setJobDataMap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">JobDataMap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> factoryBean<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">&#125;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>JobDetail绑定指定的Job，每次调用时，首先会拿到对应的JobDetail，然后创建Job实例，在去执行Job中execute()中的内容，任务结束后，关联的Job对象实例会被释放，且会被JVM GC清除。</p>
<p>为什么设计成JobDetail+Job，不直接使用Job</p>
<blockquote>
<p>JobDetail定义的是任务数据，而真正执行逻辑在Job中</p>
<p>如果直接使用Job，就会存在对同一个Job实例并发访问的问题，而JobDetail + Job方式，每次执行时，都会根据JobDetail创建一个新Job实例，这样可以避免并发问题</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ol>
<p>到此为止，Scheduler会在底层自动调用我们上面定义的定时任务。</p>
<p>参考：</p>
<p>官网：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.quartz-scheduler.org/">http://www.quartz-scheduler.org/</a></p>
<p>Cron表达式：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://cron.qqe2.com/">https://cron.qqe2.com/</a></p>
<p>文章：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/noaman_wgs/article/details/80984873">https://blog.csdn.net/noaman_wgs/article/details/80984873</a></p>
<p>文章：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.jianshu.com/p/06c4307214b7">https://www.jianshu.com/p/06c4307214b7</a></p>

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